Mere Christanity Essays - Social Philosophy, Political Philosophy

Mere Christanity C.S. Lewis begins his book, ?Mere Christianity?, by introducing the Law of Right and Wrong or the Laws of Nature. This, however, arises a question. What is the Law of Nature? The Law of Nature is the known difference between right and wrong. That is, mans distinction between what is right and what is wrong. ?This law was called the Law of Nature because people thought that everyone knew it and did not need to be taught it?(18). Lewis relates the law to how we treat others. We treat others the way we want to be treated and if they treat us poorly in return we become agitated and annoyed with them. He states that we become a society of excuses when something goes wrong. He goes on to say that we want to behave in a certain way when in reality we do the opposite of what is right or what is wrong. We are humans and humans have primal instincts. We are all capable of using our instincts to do right or wrong. Lewis uses an example of a drowning man to prove this point. When one sees a man in trouble two desires or instincts kick into play, to save the man or ignore him because the situation at hand could endanger you. However, there in another impulse that says help the man. With this comes a conflict of instincts. Do you run and forget about it or do you jump in and help. Most people will help even if the situation is going to endanger their life. This is just one way of seeing moral law. The right in a situation will mostly always prevail over the wrong. ?Men ought to be unselfish, ought to be fair. Not that men are selfish, nor that they like being unselfish, but they ought to be?(30). We are creatures of habit and logic. Lewis believes that the moral law is not taught to us rather known by us instinctively. He also believes that the law is real. The law is our behaviors in life via good or bad. Lewis states, ?there is something above and beyond the ordinary facts of men's behavior?(30). This opens Lewis to believe that the natural law is both alive and active in mans life today. Lewis goes on to say that the law must be something above mans behavior. He begins to relate this to the creation of the world. He takes into count the materialistic theory of creation, that is that matter has always existed and creation of man happened out of nowhere. The other view is the religious view. This view states, ?what is behind the universe is more like a mind then it is anything else we know?(32). Man wants to know who or what created the universe and if there is a force directing it let alone them. Lewis wants humanity to reconsider because he feels that man is on the wrong road. He tries to prove this theory by looking at the present condition our world is in today. He feels that people believe in God but only as the Supreme Being behind the law. Lewis believes that God is good and like all good God can be hard and even dangerous. He believes that only a person can forgive and their good can be reacted to in many different ways. We ultimately can interpret the outcome as good or bad. Good to our benefit and bad to no ones prevail. Lewis also believes that Christianity will not make sense to anyone until they realize that the Moral Law is real and the power that governs it is also real. To make Christianity make sense we must stop abusing the power and breaking the law. Lewis starts off Book II by discussing his ideas on God and the major divisions of belief in God. He believes that God is beyond all good and evil and that He is righteous and all mighty. To say that God is beyond all that is good and evil is called Pantheism. Pantheists believe that God is the universe and if the universe didn't exist neither would God. This differs from the Christian view that God created the universe.

Democracy in Germany essays

Democracy in Germany essays Why did so many Germans vote for anti-democratic parties after 1929? Many Germans voted for anti-democratic parties after 1929 due to the effects of the Versailles Treaty, the development and implementation of the German Democratic Constitution, and the growing number of elites opposing the democracy government. The economic instability caused by the depression, and the increasing support for the NAZI party, also had detrimental effects on the democratic government. The effects of the Versailles Treaty on the German population, was a contributing factor which led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic. The Treaty of Versailles was signed on the 28 June 1919. The German government and people expected that the treaty would be established and based on the fourteen points written by President Wilson of the United States in January 1918. Yet when the terms were given to the German government, it was clear that the treaty was not a peace of reconciliation but one of German punishment. Clause 231, which was one of the many terms within the treaty, condemned Germany for causing the war. The German people rejected this, as they believed that they were fighting a defensive war. The treaty also forced Germany to reduce their army to 100 000 personnel. It was also prohibited from producing offensive weapons. Germany was no longer allowed to have an airforce or own any submarines. The navy was also forced to reduce its size to six small battleships an d six cruisers. The territorial losses due to the Versailles Treaty, was the most detrimental hardship Germany was forced to face. Germanys land was reduced by 13% and all of their colonies were confiscated. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France and Sudetenland was given to the new state of Czechoslovakia. The German city of Danzig was placed under the control of the League of Nations, and because of French fears of another German attack, the Rhineland wa...

Solar Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Solar Energy - Research Paper Example ss of the lost radiation, the solar energy that reaches the surface of the Earth is 10,000 times the energy used by the people (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). The radiation which is scattered when it collides with gas molecules is termed diffuse radiation, whereas the portion that directly reaches the Earth’s surface is termed direct radiation. Clouds play an important role in the scattering of radiation and hence reduce direct radiation by 80 – 90%. Global radiation is defined as the total radiation, including the diffuse and direct radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). Extensive research is being carried on the utilization of solar energy; and the chief aim is to develop technology and discover efficient ways to capture the low-density solar energy, and convert it to a form that would be useful. In addition, forms of energy, such as wind energy, biomass energy, hydro power and thermal energy that derive from solar energy, promise to generate clean forms of energy. At present, with the sole exception of hydropower, none of these forms of energy are being employed to any significant extent (Solar energy in McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 2004). Sources of energy that do not get exhausted and can be replenished are known as renewable sources of energy. Most of the renewable energy systems that are in use rely either directly or indirectly on solar energy. The direct sources include tapping the heat and light of the sun, whereas the indirect sources are wave power, hydroelectric power, and wind turbines (Renewable energy in Illustrated Dictionary of Science, Andromeda, 1988). With growing awareness, regarding the ill effects and the limitations of fossil fuels, which will eventually be totally consumed, there is a sustained effort to change over to a more eco – friendly economy that is

International Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Education - Personal Statement Example As an educator, I would like to be a part of this movement of educational globalization and I am banking on the Institute of Education to significantly assist me through enlightenment and empowerment so that I may be able to take on the challenges of international education. Through the Educational Doctoral program at the Institute of Education, I hope to achieve professional development in three areas: First, with the Institute's strength in academic discipline and through the guidance of my mentors, I will be able to sharpen my professional ability for critical analysis, broaden my knowledge on educational theories in the fast changing international education arena, hone my academic leadership skills and build effective strategies to respond to challenges, issues and concerns of institutes, educators, students, and their families. Second, with research support from the Institute of Education, I would like to create a cooperative educational model that synergistically supports educational institutes and international students with specific application on the Elpis Project. I have witnessed tremendous growth in the international educational market especially, in the numbers of students joining exchange student programs.

Globalization and the New World Order Assignment

Globalization and the New World Order - Assignment Example This has encouraged entrepreneurs to venture into business opportunities. Compared to the 50s, many economies have grown exponentially. For example, China has been a notable economy rising fast (OECD International Trade Statistics, 2010). The reason behind China’s rocketing economy is its investments in foreign direct investments (FDI). China has continued to make investments in other countries and is currently the leading country in terms of revenue from the foreign direct investments. So has globalization created a new world order? An individual needs to have the meaning of ‘new world order’ to answer the question. New world order generally refers to change in the global trend. New world order summarizes the numerous explanations of common human behavior across the entire world. Globalization has made it possible for people all across the world to communicate and share with each other (James, 2009). The fact that, majority of the people worldwide are affected by globalization, directly or indirectly, make globalization a trend setter or a common factor in the world. Hence to state that globalization has created a new world order makes complete sense. Globalization affects every economy in the world regardless of the economics’ strength and stability. Big economies have invested in other smaller economy. Developing nations have strengthened their economies due to the revenue gotten from international trade. The new world order has also improved on the living standards and lifestyles in the developing countries (James, 2009). One of the fundamental economic factor that globalization, or the new world order, has had a major influence is the creation or jobs. Ranging from countries based investments to multinational corporations; the job opportunities have life easy for ‘the worker’. Question 2; Globalization is Dead? Globalization can be the cultural, economic or social interaction between two or more people from different origins. To date, people travel globally as tourists to other counties. The major attraction in tourism is culture. People love to explore cultures in form of art like; music, paintings, dancing and publications (Norris, 2009). The mode of dressing has made the fashion industry boom to become a multi-billion industry. Artistic ideas continue to be exchanged all over the world. Due to the high levels of technology, one does not need to leave his motherland to experience this cultural interaction. One can simply access the internet and other sources of information media that are available to them. Economically, businesses still strive to find new markets. Both large scaled, and small scaled, businesses have and continue to be created due to the endless interaction of people. Investors from foreign countries invest in a country; hence, improving the individual’s lives. Ideas also borrowed from other countries also become successful ventures. Globalization continues to create bu siness and trade opportunities that help in develop any economy or the livelihood of any person (Keith, 2006). Socially globalization has made changes in the way of life. Some social occasions like sporting events promote the interaction of people from different origin. Olympics have over the years been a prominent sporting event that attracts athletes from all over the world. In some European and Latin countries, street festivals attract millions of tourists. Among the many globalization elements, socially, religion is the most spread among the world population. People have and continue to change their religious belief (Elliott, 2009). This is as a result of the infinite interaction of pe

Ultra Wideband (UWB) Innovation

Ultra Wideband (UWB) Innovation Dynamic UWB is another fascinating innovation for remote correspondences. It can supplant generally bearer based radio transmission by heartbeat based transmission utilizing ultra wide band recurrence yet at a low vitality. A vital part of examination in this space is to discover a heartbeat with an ideal shape, whose force unearthly thickness regards and best fits emanation restriction cover forced by FCC. In this venture we audit regular utilized Gaussian beats and its subordinates and the impact of shape variable, discovering an ideal particular worth for every subordinate. Next, we inquiry to acquire conceivable better heartbeat shapes as straight blends of Gaussian subsidiaries. More established studies allude for one situation to the same shape component for all subsidiaries and in other case to higher variable for first subsidiary and littler shape elements for ensuing subordinates. Our new thought is to utilize Gaussian subordinates, each with its particular ideal shape Variable and to utilize an experimentation calculation to acquire a straight blend beat with better execution. Overview of UWB innovation Ultra wideband (UWB) innovation is right now being examined as a promising answer for transfer speed, expense, power utilization, and physical size prerequisites of the cutting edge short range remote correspondences frameworks. As a rule, it is characterized as any remote transmission conspire in which the fragmentary data transfer capacity is more noteworthy than 0.25 or the data transmission (as characterized by the -10 dB focuses) possesses 1500 MHz or a greater amount of the range. The fragmentary transmission capacity is characterized as B_f=2 (f_h-f_l)/(f_h+f_l ) †¦ ( 1.1) Where f_haref_lare the upper and lower -10 dB emanation purposes of the sign range, separately. The inside recurrence of the transmission is characterized as the normal of the upper and bring down 10 dB focuses, i.e. à £Ã¢â€š ¬-(fà £Ã¢â€š ¬-_h+f_l)/2. Not at all like ordinary remote correspondences frameworks, UWB frameworks transmit data utilizing tight time-span (regularly a couple of several picoseconds to a couple of nanoseconds) heartbeats that spread the vitality from close DC to a couple giga hertz without utilizing a recurrence transporter. On February 14, 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) determined that the UWB frameworks must work with their -10 dB data transfer capacity inside of the recurrence [3.1-10.6] GHz for indoor correspondences and their -20 dB transmission capacity inside of the [3.1-10.6] GHz range for outside interchanges. The wide range permits gadgets to get high information rate. The FCC likewise forced strict show power limitations on UWB. The transmitted force range thickness (PSD) is restricted to -41dBm/MHz taking after the regulation, UWB gadgets can make utilization of a to a great degree wide recurrence band (7.5 gigahertz) while not emanating a lot of vitality. Consequently, obstruction with existing remote gadgets can be minimized. The low vitality thickness in range additionally gets a Low Probability of Detection (LPD) trademark, which is noteworthy for both military and business applications. Since UWB is a bearer less strategy, the framework unpredictability and expense will be extraordinarily lessened. UWB frameworks can be made about all-computerized, with neg ligible RF or microwave hardware. This element dodges impedance with existing administrations, while completely using the accessible range. With the attributes of wide transmission capacity, low power, minimal effort, and high information rates at constrained extent, UWB is a promising possibility for future short range remote interchanges. A brief history of UWB Ultra wideband (UWB) radio is the current rebirth of an exceptionally old sort of Communication. The primary cross-Atlantic remote transmission by Guglielmo Marconi utilized flash attachment transmitters that can be considered as motivation based UWB transmission. The cutting edge period in UWB began in the mid 1960s from work in time space electromagnetic to depict the transient conduct of a certain class  of microwave systems through their trademark drive reaction. The developments in UWB improvement are the appearance of the testing oscilloscope by  both Tektronix and Hewlett-Packard in the mid 1960s and the achievement of systems for sub-nanosecond beat era, that is, giving suitable close estimations to a motivation excitation, the drive reaction of microwave systems could be specifically watched and measured. In 1972, Ross at Sperry Rand Corporation designed a delicate baseband beat recipient that replaces the inspecting oscilloscope which prompted the initially licensed out line of a UWB correspondences framework. In the meantime, broad examination was led in the previous Soviet Union. In the mid 1970s the essential outlines for UWB frameworks got to be accessible. Both radar and correspondence frameworks could be built by fundamental parts, for example, heartbeat train generators, heartbeat train modulators, exchanging heartbeat train generators, identification beneficiaries and wideband recieving wires. The primary ground-infiltrating radar in light of UWB was popularized in 1974 by Morey at the Geophysical Survey Systems Corporation. Through the 1980s, this innovation was alluded to as baseband, bearer free or drive radio. The expression ultra wideband was not utilized until 1989 by the U.S. Division of Defense. From that point forward, with the progression in equipment outline, UWB innovation has been utilized as a part of numerous applications, for example, correspondences, and altimetry. Inside of the scholastic connection, Professor Scholtz and his gathering in the University of Southern California spearheaded UWB examinations since the mid 1990s. In1993, Scholtz distributed a historic point paper that exhibited a numerous entrance procedure for UWB correspondence frameworks. This strategy apportions every client a novel spreading code that decides particular examples in time when the client is permitted to transmit. This permits UWB to backing not just radar and point To point correspondences, additionally remote systems. Being a promisingi possibility for remote systems, more iresearchers started to examine on UWB in the late 1990s and mid 2000s. These studies incorporate heartbeat shape outline, various access plans, channel imodel investigation, radio wire reaction portrayal, and transmitter and ireceiver plan in UWB frameworks. In the meantime, there has been a quick iexpansion of the quantity of organizations and government offices included in iUWB, which incorporate Multispectral Solutions, Time Domain, Aether Wire, and iFantasma Networks. These organizations and the FCC, National iTelecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and Defense iAdvanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), have spent numerous years iinvestigating the impact of UWB emanations on existing inarrowband frameworks. UWB favorable circumstances There are a few favorable circumstances in UWB itechnology contrasted with customary remote advances. The 802.15.3 physical layer paradigm irequires outlines to accomplish 110 Mb/s for a collector at a separation of 10m iand 200Mb/sat 4 m, with choices for showing marketability to higher rates of up ito 480 Mb/s at separations under 4 m. The rule for the high information rate is ibased on the Shannon channel limit Hypothesis, iwhich is given by C=W-log_2 (1+SNR) ..†¦ .(1.2) where C is most extreme channel limit, W is channel transmission capacity, and SNR is signal  to clamor power proportion in Gaussian Channel. Shannons mathematical statement shows that channel limit becomes directly with the transmission capacity. However, it obliges exponential increments in energy to accomplish the same result if the transmission capacity and clamor level is altered. Those achievable rates for UWB and two other short-extend remote systems administration advances strikingly the 802.11a in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) radio band (5 GHz) which is isolated into three sub-groups, and Bluetooth in the 2.4 GHz modern, exploratory and medical(ISM) radio groups are demonstrated. We can see that UWB gives much higher potential connection rates than alternate remote advancements at shorter separations (ordinarily less than10m). The photo demonstrates that UWB innovation is most suitable for short-go (under 10m) applications. Long range adaptability can be served by WLAN applications for correspondence connection plan, two measurements are much of the time utilized; to be specific, trans mission capacity effectiveness, which is measured in b/s/Hz and spatial limit, which is given by b/s/m2 that catches the accumulated information power in time and space. As indicated by the accompanying illustration we can plainly see the upsides of UWB over different advancements. The 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band contains 80 MHz of usable range which infers that three 22 MHz IEEE 802.11b frameworks can work on a non-meddling premise. Every framework can give a top rate of 11 Mb/s to accomplish an aggregate accumulated pace of 33 Mb/s. For a working scope of 100 m, this yields a spatial limit of give or take 1 Kb/s/m2. Bluetooth in its low-control mode can achieve 10 m go and can accomplish a crest rate of 1 Mb/s. Studies have demonstrated that Pretty nearly ten Bluetooth groups can work all the while inside of this reach with negligible corruption. This yields a total pace of 10 Mb/s and a spatial Limit of Approximately 30 Kb/s/m2. UWB frameworks are intended for 110Mb/s at 10 m range with four assembled bunches, which yields a spatial limit of around 1.3 Mb/s/m2. Consequently, the information power UWB can conceivably backing is a few requests of extent bigger than those of the current WLANs/WPANs. In this way, UWB speaks to a tradeoff between lower phantom effectiveness for expanded force proficiency to accomplish a given rate/reach working point with constrained transmitting force. In conventional UWB frameworks, the expansive data transfer capacity was accomplished by utilizing extremely slender time-term baseband beats

The Cognitive Revolution and Scientific Study of Psychology Essay

The cognitive revolution in psychology was a period during the 1950’s and 1960’s which involved radical changes to two major concepts in psychology which are consciousness and causality. It was also a period that saw to the abolishment of traditional science values of dichotomy and the worship of atomisation in science, replacing reductive micro deterministic views of personhood with holistic top-down view (Overskeid, 2008) The aim of this essay is to give an account of what constitutes the cognitive revolution, and also assess the contributions that the cognitive revolution has made to the scientific study of psychology. The cognitive revolution represents a diametric turn around in the century’s old treatment of mind and consciousness in science, such as the contents of conscious experience, whose subjective qualities were being discarded as mere causal epiphenomena (Sperry 1993). This paradigm shift brought with it alternative beliefs about the ultimate nature of things thereby bringing forth new answers to some of humanities deepest questions. The key assumption of cognitivism is that people have different mental states each of which can lead to a different response. The manipulation of these different states can be described in terms of algorithms all of which has become the defining paradigm of psychology (Sperry 1993) One major contribution that cognitivism had on the study of psychology as a science came in the form of psychological theories. It returned the conditioning theory as well as comparative psychology back to a position where they recognized the there were a number of qualitative differences between the psychological processing of humans and animal (Greenwood, 1999). This is as a result of the empirical prob... ...an Psychology. American psychologist, 47(2), 308-318 Robins R.W, Gosling S.D & Craik R.H (1999) An Empirical Analysis of Trends in Psychology. American psychologists, 54,(2), 117-128 Vosniadou S. (1996) TOWARDS A REVISED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FOR NEW ADVANCES IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION. Learning and instruction,6( 2), 95-109. Sperry R. (1993) The Impact and Promise of the Cognitive Revolution. American Psychologist 48 (8) 878-885 Overskeid, Geir. (2008, January 1). They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of cognitivism and a second chance for behavior analysis The Free Library. (2008). Retrieved January 01, 2011 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/They should have thought about the consequences: the crisis of...-a0175445637 Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., & Simon, H. (1958). Elements of a theory of problem solving. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.

Financial Analysis of Hershey and Tootsie Roll Essay

Introduction Tootsie Roll and Hershey are two similar companies with a similar product offering, but they operate on entirely different scales. In an effort to determine the better investment of the two companies we will utilize multiple financial analysis ratios to gauge the health of the respective companies in terms of liquidity (the ability to pay short-term liabilities and respond to opportunities), solvency (the long-term viability of the company) and profitability (the efficiency at which the can turn it’s resources into profits). However, the snapshot picture of health that a single years worth of financial statements provide is not enough. Below we have offered a horizontal analysis of the respective companies to show the change in their health from 2012 to 2013 and analyzed the two companies against each other to show why we recommend Hershey as the better investment. Liquidity and Solvency Current Ratio The current ratio is defined as the current assets divided by the current liabilities for a given period. This ratio is important because it helps measure a company’s ability to pay their current liabilities with their current assets. This shows helps determine the liquidity of the companies and their ability to respond to market opportunities. Tootsie Roll has a current ratio of 3.25 in 2012 and 3.99 in 2013(an 18.5 percent increase). Hershey, on the other hand, has a current ratio of 1.44 and 1.77 (also an 18.5 percent increase) respectively. Both companies have increased year over year. As the current ratio shows, the Tootsie maintains a healthier ratio, but both have improved at the same rate. Debt to Asset Ratio This is a comparison of the debt-to-total asset ratio; also known as the leverage ratio, of both companies. This ratio is a good measure of solvency as it shows the percentage of assets that are financed with debt. Tootsie Roll has a ratio of 23 percent for both years while Hershey has a ratio of 78 percent and 70 percent respective to 2012 and 2013. Generally, this number should not be too high. While Hershey’s numbers are higher than Tootsie Roll’s, Hershey’s numbers have improved over the year. Furthermore, we believe Tootsie Roll may actually be under-leveraged since, â€Å"Having a healthy amount of debt can actually enhance a company’s profitability, in terms of the shareholders’ investment† (Harrison, Horngren, Thomas, 2013). As will be seen from the following ratios on profitability, Hershey is more efficiently turning their assets into profits, suggesting a better use of the healthy leverage shown in the debt to asset ratio. Profitability Gross Profit Rate A major factor for investors will always be the profitability of a company. One of the fundamental ratios to utilize when measuring the ability of a company to create a profit is the gross profit ratio, which is important for internal use as well as external use. For example: â€Å"Gross profit percentage is markup stated as a percentage of sales†. (Harrison Jr., Horngen, Tomas, 2013) This ratio will identify how much gross profit is being generated by every dollar the company generates though sales. Investors will always want to carefully keep track of the gross profit ratio in order to identify a downturn or an upturn in profits. Furthermore, The Hershey Company had a higher increase in gross profit ratio than Tootsie Roll Industries. The Hershey Company managed to increase the profit ratio from 43 percent in the year 2012 to 48 percent in the year 2013. This shows that The Hershey Company managed to increase their profit ratio by 11.5 percent from previous year. Tootsie Roll, on the other hand, also improved year over year, but only by 5.5 percent to reach a gross profit rate of 35 percent in 2013. It is important to note that the minimum increase in gross profit for every dollar of sales can make a huge difference in profits. For example: â€Å"an upturn by a small percentage can mean millions of dollars in additional profits†. (Harrison Jr., Horngen, Tomas, 2013) Even though the cost of goods sold consumes $0.52 of each sale, The Hershey Company managed to generate a  profit of $0.48 for each dollar of sales. Profit Margin Ratio The profit margin ratio demonstrates the ability of a company to increase the percentage of net income earned for every dollar of sales. For example: â€Å"this ratio shows the percentage of each sales dollar earned as net income†. (Harrison Jr., Horngen, Tomas, 2013) The Hershey Company was able to increase the profit margin ratio from 10 percent in 2012 to 11 percent in 2013. The increase in profit margin from the previous year 2012 shows that the performance of the company is increasing which means that revenue is increasing or expenses are decreasing. Furthermore, The Hershey Company is managing their performance efficiently and this is directly reflected in profit margin ratio. Return on Assets The return on assets (ROA) ratio helps measure how profitable a company is in relation to its total assets. In the case of Tootsie Roll, the company had an ROA of .06 in 2012 and an ROA of .07 in 2013. This is an increase of close to 16.7 percent year over year. Hershey, on the other hand had an ROA of .14 in 2012 and .16 in 2013. Hershey’s rising ROA is comparable at 14.3 percent. With change 16.7 percent and 14.3 percent being so similar, we favor Hershey’s ROA at the higher rate of .16 in 2013 as opposed to Tootsie Roll’s relatively meager .07 ROA. Payout Ratio The payout ratio will help make the final case of Hershey as the better investment of the comparable companies. The payout ratio measures the proportion of earnings that are paid to investors and shareholders. Because dividends are so important to the investment opportunity, this is an important ratio when looking at a company for investment income. In 2012 Tootsie Roll had a high payout ratio of 1.01 percent where Hershey’s was 52 percent in comparison. However, in 2013 Tootsie Roll’s payout ratio dropped a huge, 77 percent to 23 a percent ratio. Hershey’s payout ratio also dropped, but only 7.6 percent to 48 a percent ratio. Not only is 48 percent a better current number than Tootsie Roll’s .23, but as a long-term investment Hershey shows much more stability. Therefore Hershey continues to stand out as the stronger investment opportunity. Conclusion Determining the better of two companies to invest in is risky business and involves many factors outside of the numbers provided on financial statements. However, we have seen that by looking at the liquidity, solvency and profitability of the companies against each other an over time, we can gain valuable insights as to how well the respective companies are performing in the current environment and how well they are positioned to take advantage of rising opportunities and threats. Our analysis of Tootsie Roll and Hershey show that while Tootsie Roll has safer numbers in respect to liquidity and solvency, Hershey is clearly more efficiently using both it’s assets and liabilities to turn higher profits and pass that money on to it’s investors. Therefore, The Hershey Company is the clear choice to invest with. Bibliography Harrison, W. T. (2013). Financial Accounting, VitalSource for DeVry University, (9th ed.). Pearson Learning Solutions. Hershey. (2013). SEC Annual Report. SEC. Hershey: The Hershey Company. Tootsie Roll Industries. (2013). SEC Filing 10-K 2013. Chicago: Tootsie Roll.

How to Use the French Word Du Tout

How to Use the French Word Du Tout The French word du tout, which is pronounced, du too, means (not) at all. It has a normal register. Usage The French expression du tout emphasizes a negative word, most commonly the negative adverb pas. When used with pas, du tout can be placed either right after it or else at the end of the sentence; the latter is a bit more forceful. Je naime pas du tout courir. / Je naime pas courir du tout. I dont like running at all.Il na pas du tout changà ©. / Il na pas changà © du tout. He hasnt changed at all.Elle na pas du tout didà ©es. / Elle na pas didà ©es du tout. She doesnt have any ideas at all. In response to a question, du tout can be used on its own or with pas to mean not/none at all. Veux-tu aller au cinà ©Ã‚  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. Do you want to go to the movies? -Not at all.Tu nas pas dargent  ? -Du tout. / Pas du tout. You dont have any money? -None at all. Du tout can also be used with other negative words: Il na rien fait du tout ce matin. He did nothing at all / He did absolutely nothing this morning.Personne du tout nà ©tait la plage. There was no one at all / There was absolutely no one at the beach.  Il ny a plus du tout de cafà ©. Theres no coffee left at all.Elle est partie sans pleurer du tout. She left without crying at all.

Something’s Not Right (A Poem)

Something’s Not Right (A Poem) Something's Not Right I just stopped by to say good night Before going to bed, When suddenly I saw something so shocking It puzzled my head I covered my eyes Not my mother and my sister lying nude in the bed I quickly ran off and tried to forget what I had seen But not now I see it in my dreams Till this I cant sleep without my light Someone please help me Something's Not Right Something's Not Right It appears I play video games too much And I don't know why Mother tells me to turn them off And I do, no that's a lie I can put them down And sadly it's affecting my grades I'm not a dumb jock I'll do something great with my life But as of today I'm the worlds Greatest PS2 player Something's Not Right Something's Not Right I've got a secret I need to keep It's why I run off into the night Sadly I'm in love with someone mother doesn't like She never gives him a chance I guess she doesn't remember when she was a teen Young love can be so intoxicating And at times mother is just mean She ha tes where he lives And she hates his color, and age He's the first guy I ever meet to both love and be friend me And she hates that too But most of all its his name she hates, I think it's beautiful and I love him to death Is that wrong? His name is Hennessey Something's Not RightSomething's Wrong

Introduction to inllectual property Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to inllectual property - Coursework Example ments of the patent is that it contains a clear description of the invention, so that people skilled in the field of engineering may be allowed to apply it. By law the patent is issued in the name of its actual inventor. However a joint inventor is allowed to contribute and conceive some elements as mentioned in the claims. Any technician or any other individual who worked under the guidance of the inventor is not considered to be the joint inventor, unless or until they have made any individual contribution. Patents can also be used as a negotiating tools for the cross licensing agreements that may at times include certain trade secrets. Copyright is used to keep the publishers and other entities from using the each other books without making payments. The basic concept indicates the fact that some spark of originality and creativity must be present for the protection of copyright. The concept of copyright is based on the fact that only the expression of functions or ideas is protected not the idea itself. It is certain that the idea of spreadsheet cannot be copyrighted; however some particular screen choices can be. Copyright gives long term protection to the publisher in comparison to the patent. The term covers the whole life of the author plus 50 years more. Decompiling codes is often used for in order to discover the working of software products. The information gained in this case should be abstracted before it is even applied. The clean room technique is an approach used for insulating an idea rather than expressing it. However if some new work is created by the author with reference to his previous copyrighted material, then such material is classified as derivative work. This derivative work is not considered original but it is considered to be the part of the copyrighted material. Trademarks are considered to be the logos, regular patterns or the stylized patterns used by the businesses and entrepreneurs as a shorthand identity to represent their

Discussion board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Discussion board reply - Assignment Example However, having to learn with a group, one is able to participate in a multidimensional learning process. I have observed that I tend to revise my assumptions after learning about others input. And this is a good thing. In the merit-based system, for instance, I learned more insights from others that are culturally-based, information that I would not have been aware of. I understand that several of my classmates come from different backgrounds and this shows in the different attitudes towards the pay system issue. This reflects, for me, a real world workplace scenario typified by multiculturalism, requiring me to continuously negotiate with my own and those of others points of view. Hence, when it was proposed that a balanced performance-based and traditional pay system may be better, I had to look at the issue closer and found validity in the argument. I think this is aligned with the concept of perspective transformation in learning where a dimension in group learning, which I beli eve should be taken advantage of, is how it moves us closer to contractual relationships and away from the constraints of personal presuppositions so that we are able to effectively perceive and learn (Amstutz, 1999, p.